TY - JOUR

T1 - Empirical Studies of Collaborative Information Seeking: A Review of Methodological Issues

AU - Hertzum, Morten

AU - Hansen, Preben

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Purpose – Information seeking is often performed in collaborative contexts. The research into such collaborative information seeking (CIS) has been proceeding since the 1990s but lacks methodological discussions. This paper analyzes and discusses methodological issues in existing CIS studies.Design/methodology/approach – We systematically review 69 empirical CIS studies.Findings – The review shows that the most common methods of data collection are lab experiments (43%), observation (19%), and surveys (16%), that the most common methods of data analysis are description (33%), statistical testing (29%), and content analysis (19%), and that CIS studies involve a fairly even mix of novice, intermediate, and specialist participants. However, we also find that CIS research is dominated by exploratory studies, leaves it largely unexplored in what ways the findings of a study may be specific to the particular study setting, appears to assign primacy to precision at the expense of generalizability, struggles with investigating how CIS activities extend over time, and provides data about behavior to a larger extent than about reasons, experiences, and especially outcomes.Research limitations/implications – The major implication of this review is its identification of the need for a shared model to which individual CIS studies can contribute in a cumulative manner. To support the development of such a model we discuss a model of the core CIS process and a model of the factors that trigger CIS.Originality/value – This study assesses the current state of CIS research, provides guidance for future CIS studies, and aims to inspire further methodological discussion.

AB - Purpose – Information seeking is often performed in collaborative contexts. The research into such collaborative information seeking (CIS) has been proceeding since the 1990s but lacks methodological discussions. This paper analyzes and discusses methodological issues in existing CIS studies.Design/methodology/approach – We systematically review 69 empirical CIS studies.Findings – The review shows that the most common methods of data collection are lab experiments (43%), observation (19%), and surveys (16%), that the most common methods of data analysis are description (33%), statistical testing (29%), and content analysis (19%), and that CIS studies involve a fairly even mix of novice, intermediate, and specialist participants. However, we also find that CIS research is dominated by exploratory studies, leaves it largely unexplored in what ways the findings of a study may be specific to the particular study setting, appears to assign primacy to precision at the expense of generalizability, struggles with investigating how CIS activities extend over time, and provides data about behavior to a larger extent than about reasons, experiences, and especially outcomes.Research limitations/implications – The major implication of this review is its identification of the need for a shared model to which individual CIS studies can contribute in a cumulative manner. To support the development of such a model we discuss a model of the core CIS process and a model of the factors that trigger CIS.Originality/value – This study assesses the current state of CIS research, provides guidance for future CIS studies, and aims to inspire further methodological discussion.

KW - Faculty of Humanities

KW - collaborative information seeking

KW - collaborative search

KW - Information behavior

KW - Research methods

U2 - 10.1108/JD-05-2018-0072

DO - 10.1108/JD-05-2018-0072

M3 - Journal article

VL - 75

SP - 140

EP - 163

JO - Journal of Documentation

JF - Journal of Documentation

SN - 0022-0418

IS - 1

ER -