The nineteenth century is defined by its duality, between science and art; reason and madness; self and other; memory and imagination; past and present; old and new. Halves, doubles and repetitions surface throughout the art, literature, politics, and culture of the century, from Hoffmann’s doppelgänger and the Second Abolition of Slavery (1848) to the femme fatale and Baudelaire’s notion that ‘l’artiste n’est artiste qu’à condition d’être double et de n’ignorer aucun phénomène de sa double nature.’ This ’22 conference offers a fitting opportunity to interrogate the double in all its forms across a variety of sources in the nineteenth-century French-speaking world.