TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in 6-8-y-old children - the D-pro trial

AU - Thams, Line

AU - Stounbjerg, Nanna Groth

AU - Hvid, Lars G

AU - Mølgaard, Christian

AU - Hansen, Mette

AU - Damsgaard, Camilla Trab

N1 - © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Background: Increasing evidence suggests that prevention of lifestyle diseases should begin early. Dairy protein and vitamin D can affect body composition and cardiometabolic markers, yet evidence among well-nourished children is sparse.Objectives: We investigated combined and separate effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in children.Methods: In a 2 × 2-factorial, randomized trial, 200 white, Danish, 6-8-y-old children substituted 260 g/d dairy in their diet with high-protein (HP, 10 g protein/100 g) or normal-protein (NP, 3.5 g protein/100 g) yogurt and received blinded tablets with 20 µg/d vitamin D3 or placebo for 24 weeks during winter. We measured body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and lipids.Results: In total, 184 children (92%) completed the study. Baseline median [25th-75th percentile] dairy protein intake was 3.7 [2.5-5.1] E% and increased to 7.2 [4.7-8.8] E% and 4.2 [3.1-5.3] E% with HP and NP. Mean ± SD serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D changed from 81±17 nmol/L to 89±18 nmol/L and 48±13 nmol/L with vitamin D and placebo. There were no combined effects of dairy protein and vitamin D, except for plasma glucose, with the largest increase in the NP-vitamin D group (Pinteraction = 0.005). There were smaller increases in fat mass index (P = 0.04) with HP than NP, and the same pattern was seen for insulin, HOMA-IR, and C-peptide (all P = 0.06). LDL cholesterol was reduced with vitamin D compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Fat free mass and blood pressure were unaffected.Conclusions: High compared to normal dairy protein intake hampered an increase in fat mass index. Vitamin D supplementation counteracted the winter decline in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the increase in LDL cholesterol observed with placebo. This study adds to the sparse evidence on dairy protein in well-nourished children and supports a vitamin D intake of ∼20 µg/d during winter.

AB - Background: Increasing evidence suggests that prevention of lifestyle diseases should begin early. Dairy protein and vitamin D can affect body composition and cardiometabolic markers, yet evidence among well-nourished children is sparse.Objectives: We investigated combined and separate effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in children.Methods: In a 2 × 2-factorial, randomized trial, 200 white, Danish, 6-8-y-old children substituted 260 g/d dairy in their diet with high-protein (HP, 10 g protein/100 g) or normal-protein (NP, 3.5 g protein/100 g) yogurt and received blinded tablets with 20 µg/d vitamin D3 or placebo for 24 weeks during winter. We measured body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and lipids.Results: In total, 184 children (92%) completed the study. Baseline median [25th-75th percentile] dairy protein intake was 3.7 [2.5-5.1] E% and increased to 7.2 [4.7-8.8] E% and 4.2 [3.1-5.3] E% with HP and NP. Mean ± SD serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D changed from 81±17 nmol/L to 89±18 nmol/L and 48±13 nmol/L with vitamin D and placebo. There were no combined effects of dairy protein and vitamin D, except for plasma glucose, with the largest increase in the NP-vitamin D group (Pinteraction = 0.005). There were smaller increases in fat mass index (P = 0.04) with HP than NP, and the same pattern was seen for insulin, HOMA-IR, and C-peptide (all P = 0.06). LDL cholesterol was reduced with vitamin D compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Fat free mass and blood pressure were unaffected.Conclusions: High compared to normal dairy protein intake hampered an increase in fat mass index. Vitamin D supplementation counteracted the winter decline in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the increase in LDL cholesterol observed with placebo. This study adds to the sparse evidence on dairy protein in well-nourished children and supports a vitamin D intake of ∼20 µg/d during winter.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Pediatric

KW - Cholecalciferol

KW - DXA

KW - BMI

KW - FMI

KW - FFMI

KW - Cholesterol

KW - Blood lipids

KW - Cardiovascular

KW - Milk protein

U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab424

DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab424

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 35015806

VL - 115

SP - 1080

EP - 1091

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

SN - 0002-9165

IS - 4

ER -