This article describes the modern research history of connections between Scandinavian Iron Age societies and the Roman Empire focusing more or less on the last half century. In this time, there has been a significant increase in Danish excavations of Roman Iron Age sites, of which several have proved to be of key importance to interpretations of the nature of the relationship between the empire and Scandinavia. Subsequent scholarly investigations into the different elements of the Roman Iron Age have produced extensive new knowledge about all aspects of this particular period.