Neolithic architecture is characterized by continuous rebuilding and modifications. Almost every Neolithic building shows traces of modifications and rebuilding activities. These measures go far beyond the traces of regular maintenance and repair work. Based on case studies from Göbekli Tepe (Turkey), Aşıklı (Turkey), Çatalhöyük (Turkey), Shkārat Msaied (Jordan), and Ba’ja (Jordan), we will show how re-arrangements, internal additions, compartmentalization, stabilization works, etc. have formed an integral part of the architectural development to meet the requirements established by changing needs and social behaviour. In addition to the removal of wall segments and levelling of walls, walls are added, covering up earlier walls and establishing slightly smaller rooms. Most observed modifications seem to have been done in order to ensure the continued use of a (specific) space or a location. Sustainability is another key to the understanding of the rebuilding processes in the context of Near Eastern Neolithic architecture. Recycling of building material, e.g. re-use of roof beams, recycling of plaster, re-use of wall stones, and re-use of structural (load bearing) elements (e.g. T-shape-pillars), as well as the re-use of “grinder” and sculpture fragments as wall stones, is well-documented and sheds light on the “resource-friendly” thinking in the Neolithic.